research

2026

1. 

   Calling the Price or Making the Call? Role Preferences in Texas Shootout Clauses

   Gerrit Bauch, and Lars Müller

   2026

   Abs HTML

   We analyze Texas Shootout clauses within an independent private values framework and characterize shareholders’ preferences over proposer and chooser roles. While the mechanism can generate efficiency gains relative to the status quo, asymmetries in role payoffs may deter shareholders from initiating dissolution. Using an ex-post perspective and allowing for risk aversion, unequal ownership shares, and heterogeneous valuation distributions, we establish conditions under which shareholders prefer being the chooser. We contribute to understanding why Texas Shootout clauses are rarely invoked in practice despite their ubiquity in partnership contracts and clarify when and why Texas Shootout clauses fail to function as intended.

2025

1. 

   Strategic communication of narratives

   Gerrit Bauch, and Manuel Foerster

   2025

   Abs arXiv HTML

   We model the communication of narratives as a cheap-talk game under model uncertainty. The sender has private information about the true data-generating process of publicly observable data. The receiver is uncertain about how to interpret the data, but aware of the sender’s incentives to strategically provide interpretations (\emph“narratives”). We introduce a general class of ambiguity rules resolving the receiver’s ignorance of the true data-generating process, including maximum likelihood and max-min expected utility. The set of equilibria is characterized by a positive integer N: we derive an algorithm that yields an equilibrium that induces n different actions for each 1≤n ≤N. Finally, we show that the persuasive power of the sender is weaker in the sense of state-wise dominance than with a naïve receiver being unaware of the sender’s incentives. Interestingly, even the receiver sometimes would prefer to be naïve himself.

2. 

   Correlation uncertainty: a decision-theoretic approach

   Gerrit Bauch, and Lorenz Hartmann

   2025

   Abs arXiv

   We provide a decision-theoretic foundation for uncertainty about the correlation structure on a Cartesian product of probability spaces. Our contribution is two-fold: we first provide a full characterization of the set of possible correlations between subspaces as a convex polytope. Its extreme points are identified as the local maxima of mutual information and as maximally zero probability measures. Second, we derive an axiomatic characterization of preferences narrowing down the set of correlations a decision maker considers, making behavior about correlation testable. Thereby, she may regard collections of subspaces as independent from one another. We illustrate our model and results in simple examples on climate change, insurance and portfolio choice.

3. 

   Independence and indifferent points imply continuity

   Gerrit Bauch

   2025

   Abs arXiv

   I replace topological continuity axioms by the new geometric axiom of Indifferent Points (IP) in classical expected utility representations of weak preferences under the Independence Axiom and a finite set of prizes. IP asserts the existence of a set of indifferent points that span a hyperplane. In the case of three prizes, often used for illustrations, the decision maker only needs to show indifference between two distinct lotteries. IP does not imply any established continuity axioms and is even strictly weaker than Solvability.

2024

1. 

   From words of approach to words of departure: Essays on noisy communication and partnership dissolution under uncertainty

   Gerrit Bauch

   Bielefeld University library, 2024

   Doctoral Thesis

   HTML

2. 

   The Texas Shoot-Out under Knightian uncertainty

   Gerrit Bauch, and Frank Riedel

   Games and Economic Behavior, 2024

   Abs HTML

   We investigate a widely used mechanism to resolve disputes among business partners, known as Texas Shoot-Out, under Knightian uncertainty. For a non-degenerate range of intermediate valuations, an ambiguity-averse divider truthfully reveals their valuation in equilibrium. As a consequence, the resulting outcome is efficient, in contrast to the Bayesian case. With equal shares, both agents prefer ex-ante to be the chooser and would like to avoid triggering the mechanism in the first place.

2023

1. 

   Underreaction and dynamic inconsistency in communication games under noise

   Gerrit Bauch

   arXiv preprint arXiv:2311.12496, 2023

   Abs arXiv

   Communication is rarely perfect, but rather prone to error of transmission and reception. Often the origin of these errors cannot be properly quantified and is thus imprecisely known. We analyze the impact of an ambiguous noise which may alter the received message on a communication game of common interest. The noise is ambiguous in the sense that the parameters of the error-generating process and thus the likelihood to receive a message by mistake are Knightianly unknown. Ex-ante and interim responses are characterized under maxmin preferences. While the sender can disregard ambiguity, the receiver reveals a dynamically inconsistent, but astonishing behavior under a quadratic loss. Their interim actions will be closer to the pooling action than their ex-ante ones, as if facing a higher likelihood of an occurring error.

2021

1. 

   Effects of Noise on the Grammar of Languages

   Gerrit Bauch

   2021

   R&R (minor revision) in the International Journal of Game Theory

   Abs HTML

   We study a signaling game of common interest in which a stochastic noise is perturbing the communication between an informed sender and an uninformed receiver. Despite this inhibiting factor,efficient languages exist. In equilibrium, sender uses a tessellation consisting of convex cells while receiver converts posterior beliefs into Bayesian estimators serving as interpretations. Shannon entropy measures the noise level and describes to which extent communication is possible. A limit case of errors that respect the distance between words leads to concise interpretations in the decoding process. Comparative statics for different levels of noise reveal which grammatical structures are more robust towards noise. For increasing error separation between most distinct types becomes more important than precision about each single one. Furthermore, distinct words are saved for the description of opposite domains of the type space. Evolutionary modeling approaches converge to equilibria, but not every equilibrium is stable.